Phosphate groups inserted in Graphene oxide (P-GO) nanosheets as a high-performance sensing platform for non-invasive detection of tramadol

چکیده مقاله

Herein, a novel and fast method is introduced for functionalizing GO nanosheets by phosphate groups (P-GO) in a one-pot synthesis route to donate electrons into the π-conjugation system of GO and improve its properties. To appraise the electrochemical performance of the synthesized P-GO, it has been applied in the electrochemical sensor fabrication for the first time to detect tramadol (TRA) non-invasively at 0.725 V. The resulting sensing interface traps the TRA through interaction with the P-GO's phosphorus atoms. The sensor has been measured TRA in a broad linear dynamic (100 nM-629 µM). The greenness profile of the strategy has been well validated by the international indexes due to a high yield efficiency, good purity, low amounts of the reagents and no need for troublesome steps. These advantages, which are bonuses to the on-site, quick and cost-effective synthesis process hold great promise in the applicability of the P-GO in various field © 2024 Elsevier Ltd